Thursday, August 27, 2020

Guhyasmaja Akshobhyavjra with Consort Essay Example For Students

Guhyasmaja Akshobhyavjra with Consort Essay For this paper, I have picked the works of art that spellbound my consideration the most when I went to the Rubin Museum of Art. Honestly, I was not expecting much from Himalayan-Tibetian workmanship. In any case, when I saw Guhyasmaja Akshobhyavjra with Consort and Shri Devi, I totally changed my feeling and point of view. There was no uncertainty that I would pick these works of art for my schoolwork task. So as to get them, one has to know a tad about Tibetan culture which rose up out of various Buddhist practices, in particular Mahayana Buddhism and Vajrayana. The two of them use various procedures that intertwine an assortment of representations during contemplation; consequently, the greater part of Tibetan workmanship might be viewed as helps to these perceptions. Tantric dieties additionally assume a key job in the exclusive strict practices in the Himalayas. These gods embody numerous human characteristics and may show up either tranquil or furious. Without a doubt, the impact of these tantric divinities is unmistakably appeared on my compositions Guhyasmaja Akshobhyavjra with Consort and Shri Devi. The structure of these Tibetan compositions is phenomenal and varies from what the vast majority of us hopes to find in crafted by craftsmanship because of solid strict parts and references consolidated in the formation of these artistic creations. One may see the unbending chain of command among the figures that at last influences the entire arrangement. In Buddhism, there are different divine beings and goddesses who can be isolated into a few classes relying upon their principle purposes, similar to the defenders and the insight rulers. On the compositions one may locate some fearsome divinities expecting to drive off devils and malice spirits. For instance, in Shri Devi Dorje Rabtenma, the focal god is a human-like animal that rides a pony and swings his blade. It is encircled by many different figures. On the main, one can see Buddhists lovers who ask with their heads named forward. On the base and the sides, there are restrained sorts of evil presences stowing away in the brambles or connecting their hands to the focal divinity. Then again, in Guhyasmaja Akshobhyavjra with Consort, the focal god isn't terrifying; it is somewhat serene in appearance and takes after a Hindu god, Vishnu. Much the same as that of the first panning, the sythesis of Guhyasmaja Akshobhyavjra with Consort is documented with the fundamental, focal divinity and afterward numerous other optional figures on various sides of the composition. By the shading palette, one may effortlessly recognize the starting points of these compositions. It is lively and bright. The materials (Ground Mineral Pigment on Cotton) utilized are likewise normal for that district at that point. The skin of the gods both fearsome and quiet is hued in dark which probably underlines their significance according to the watcher, and one can mention to immediately what figure(s) the person in question sees on the compositions. It merits referencing that auxiliary figures are frequently (not generally) shaded in an unexpected way. They may have diverse skin tones and hues from yellow to blue. They are totally mystical and puzzling animals, essentially devils and malice spirits, which may take an extraordinary assortment of structures and shapes, and their appearance is just restricted by the creative mind of the craftsman. Furthermore, the artistic creation are ornamented with flower designs everywhere. The specialists endeavored to occupy in the clear space so as to make a dream of the bound together scenes; despite the fact that, the optional figures don't appear to collaborate with one another much on the two artistic creations. For a not Himalayan-conceived individual, these works of art may appear to be somewhat excessively hard to completely comprehend. From the outset, one notification the immense contrast among European and Asian workmanship. In any case, as one keeps on dissecting the arrangement, shading palette, etc, the person may arrive at the resolution that there are sure highlights that integrate European and Asian societies. .u4e2c62f7327ff1b6bb3bb5ae772a3fc1 , .u4e2c62f7327ff1b6bb3bb5ae772a3fc1 .postImageUrl , .u4e2c62f7327ff1b6bb3bb5ae772a3fc1 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u4e2c62f7327ff1b6bb3bb5ae772a3fc1 , .u4e2c62f7327ff1b6bb3bb5ae772a3fc1:hover , .u4e2c62f7327ff1b6bb3bb5ae772a3fc1:visited , .u4e2c62f7327ff1b6bb3bb5ae772a3fc1:active { border:0!important; } .u4e2c62f7327ff1b6bb3bb5ae772a3fc1 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u4e2c62f7327ff1b6bb3bb5ae772a3fc1 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u4e2c62f7327ff1b6bb3bb5ae772a3fc1:active , .u4e2c62f7327ff1b6bb3bb5ae772a3fc1:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u4e2c62f7327ff1b6bb3bb5ae772a3fc1 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: rela tive; } .u4e2c62f7327ff1b6bb3bb5ae772a3fc1 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-design: underline; } .u4e2c62f7327ff1b6bb3bb5ae772a3fc1 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u4e2c62f7327ff1b6bb3bb5ae772a3fc1 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-improvement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4e2c62f7327ff1b6bb3bb5ae772a3fc1:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u4e2c62f7327ff1b6bb3bb5a e772a3fc1 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u4e2c62f7327ff1b6bb3bb5ae772a3fc1-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u4e2c62f7327ff1b6bb3bb5ae772a3fc1:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Paintings: Quezon City and San Isidro Labrador EssayJust like crafted by Renaissance craftsmen, these works of art convey a solid strict message to the watcher. They additionally endeavor to overpower that person with the lively shading palette and the size of the artworks. Be that as it may, there are various one of a kind contrasts that definitely vary European and Asian workmanship, for example, masterful methods and styles, surface and space properties, etc. With everything taken into account, the craftsmen worked admirably passing on their message to the watcher by featuring the significance of the characters and their strict targets .

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Quality management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Quality administration - Assignment Example Mechanical practice includes structure and business measures, working environment wellbeing and security, asset control, and social, moral, and natural dependability Six Sigma, Kaizen, Lean, and different changes on interminable improvement can be perilous to your company’s wellbeing. Despite the fact that it might be apostasy to express this, current affirmation from Japan and outside suggests that it is the second to look at these strategies (Businessballs.com, 2014). In fact, perpetual advancement once controlled Japan’s commercial center. Japanese makers in the year 1950s had notoriety for terrible condition however through the act of judicious and exact change, Japan was equipped for moving from most exceedingly terrible to first. Toward the start of 1970s, Japans ability to create minimal effort, quality yields helped them control boss ventures, for example, vehicles, media communications, and client hardware. To battle with this marvelous turnaround, Western social orders, starting with Motorola, began to grasp Japanese procedures. Presently, about all large Western business, and different lesser ones, advocate for interminable turn of events. (Isixsigma.com, 2014) Be that as it may, what’s happened in Japan? In the first run through Japan’s fundamental hardware firms have squandered an amassed $21 billion and have been routinely expelled by adversaries from China, South Korea, and outside. (Isixsigma.com, 2014)As Fujio Ando, senior working director at Chibagin Asset Management suggests, â€Å"Japan’s buyer gadgets industry is experiencing disappointment. â€Å"Similarly, Japan’s machine industry has been grieved by a rundown of upsetting quality obstructions, reviews, (Businessballs.com, 2014) and has missed piece of the pie to firms from South Korea. Survey past Japan, notorious six sigma associations in the United States, as Motorola and GE, have strived as of late to be change pioneers. 3M, which subsidized vigorously in unending

Friday, August 21, 2020

Financial Basics Saving - OppLoans

Financial Basics Saving - OppLoans Financial Basics: Saving Financial Basics: SavingOne of the first lessons of saving money is to make it a priority. Instead of saving whats left over from spending, spend whats left over after saving!We like to think we deliver nuanced and complex financial advice on the Financial Sense Blog each and every day. But since its National Financial Literacy Month right now, we decided it was time we got back to basics.So come one, come all: Whether youre a saving-tips-novice or a wizened saving wizard, and drink deep from the well of this saving advice. Make it a budget priority.Hopefully, you’ve built a budget for yourself. If you haven’t, then you might want to stop by our budgeting for beginners post first. While it can be really hard to make room in your budget for saving, it’s the only way to actually start the process.You’ll have to take a look at your budget and figure out where you can make some cuts. Just apply that money to a section of the budget labeled “savings” and every month your savin gs will grow.Of course, it’ll be even easier to stash away extra money if youre earning  extra  money in the first place!Direct new income to savings.While it might be nice to get more spending money to use on fun things, it’s important to make sure your savings are covered first.“The best way to use the extra money from a raise is to act as if you didnt receive the raise,” suggested Robert R. Johnson, PhD, CFA, CAIA, and professor of finance at Heider College of Business at Creighton University (@CreightonBiz). “That is, continue to live the same lifestyle you led before receiving a raise and invest the difference.“The most common mistake is that people let their spending increase commensurate with their new salary. For instance, people move into a bigger apartment or buy a more expensive car to reward themselves for receiving the raise. What happens is they are unable to improve their financial condition because they spend everything they make.“People would be well a dvised to pay heed to Warren Buffetts sage words: ‘Do not save what is left after spending; instead spend what is left after saving.’”If you want to earn some money through an extra job or side hustle, check out this list of 10 great side hustles that are perfect for some fast cash.Let the robots save for you!If you have to remember to save, you might forget to save. So make sure you don’t have to even think about it.“The best way to start saving is through automation,” recommended  Money Elevation Coach Roslyn Lash (@RosLash). “Create a budget to determine how much you can truly afford. This should be an amount that will not create hardship so that you wont regularly withdraw. Then, have those funds automatically deposited into your savings account. Youll be surprised at how fast the money will accumulate.”You can also consider the wide world of  saving apps!“One trick in helping to save is to use technology,” advised Johnson. There are financial apps that help people save money. One popular app is called Acorn. You tie Acorn to your debit card and it rounds the purchase up to the nearest dollar, effectively allowing you to invest your spare change.So if your Dunkin Donuts coffee costs $2.47, when you use your debit card, three dollars will be taken out of your account with $2.47 going to Dunkin Donuts and $0.53 going into your investment account.This allows you to save money as you make everyday purchases and you don’t have to make the decision to invest the money. You will be surprised at how quickly your account balance builds. And with saving, like anything else, a little early success is contagious and you have started saving.”You can also try using certain budgeting methods, like the Envelope Method, which comes in both high tech and low tech forms.Choose the right savings accounts.It’s not just about putting your money into a savings account. It’s also important to choose the right savings account.“Saving money in a tradit ional savings account, or even worse, in cash, is a surefire way to lose buying power overtime due to inflation,” explained personal finance writer  Dustyn Ferguson (@dustyndream).“To at least counter inflation, a high-yield savings account that offers around a two percent interest rate will ensure your money keeps its buying power over the years. You wont earn a lot of money from a 2 percent account; however, a high-yield savings account is still super important because savings are normally for the future.And if you arent at a minimum protecting your money against inflation, your money wont get you as much in the future as it will today. Plus, there is zero risk with high-yield savings accounts, which cant be said for other places you could put your money, like stocks.”Grow your money long-term.Having money set aside for emergencies is great, but youre also going to need money to support yourself in retirement. In order to do that, youre going to have to invest it and let tha t money grow.Johnson provided a helpful example of how some strategic saving right now, can help you out decades down the line:Suppose one receives a $5,000 annual raise early in ones career. If you simply invest that $5,000 annually into an investment account growing at a 10 percent annual rate, you will have accumulated over $822,000 in 30 years.  You will have invested a total of $150,000 and have earned $672,000 from those investments.And, lest you believe that a 10 percent average annual return is unrealistic, according to Ibbotson Associates, since 1926 the average annual return on a large capitalization stock index (think SP 500) is 10 percent, while investments in long term government and long-term corporate bonds have on average grown annually by 5.5 percent and 6.1 percent, respectively.“Why this is the best use of funds is because the vast majority of Americans reaching retirement age have very little saved for retirement. Estimates are that two-thirds of individuals a pproaching retirement won’t be able to maintain their standard of living because they have so little saved for retirement.Solving the retirement income crisis is not difficultâ€"one simply must save early and often. Starting early is the key to successful retirement savings because of the effect of compound interest. Albert Einstein said that compound interest is the greatest mathematical discovery of all time. Time is the greatest ally of the investor because of the ‘magic’ of compound interest.To learn more about the basics of saving, budgeting, and credit work, just sign up for the  free  personal finance courses were offering over at OppU.   And if you enjoyed this post, you can check out these other posts and articles from OppLoans:Save More Money with These 40 Expert Tips10 Good Money Habits to Make Your Friends JealousFrom Budget to Baller: 6 Tips to Grow Your Money8 Ways To Save Money Today, Tomorrow and Every Day AfterDo you have a   personal finance question youd lik e us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIN  |  InstagramContributorsDustyn Ferguson  (@dustyndream) is the personal finance aficionado behind  Dime Will Tell. He often blogs about his experiences and shares his secrets when it comes to making and saving more money to achieve financial success.Robert R. Johnson, PhD, CFA, CAIA is a Professor of Finance in the  Heider College of Business, Creighton University  (@CreightonBiz). He is also Chairman and CEO of Economic Index Associates, home to a new paradigm in Index investing. Dr. Johnson is the co-author of the books Invest With the Fed, Strategic Value Investing, Investment Banking for Dummies, and The Tools and Techniques of Investment Planning.Roslyn Lash  (@RosLash), the  Money Elevation Coach, is an Accredited Financial Counselor?, Real Estate Investor, and the Author of The 7 Fruits of Budgeting. She works virtually with single women h elping them to gain clarity around their finances, reduce debt, and increase their net worth so that they can live a more abundant life. Her advice has been featured in national publications such as USA Today, Forbes, TIME, Huffington Post, Los Angeles Times, and a host of other media outlets.

Monday, May 25, 2020

Jan Ingenhousz Scientist Who Discovered Photosynthesis

Jan Ingenhousz (December 8, 1730 - September 7, 1799) was an 18th century Dutch physician, biologist, and chemist who discovered how plants convert light into energy, the process known as photosynthesis. He is also credited with discovering that plants, similar to animals, undergo the cellular respiration process. Fast Facts: Jan Ingenhousz Born: December 8, 1730, in Breda, NetherlandsDied: September 7, 1799, in Wiltshire, EnglandParents: Arnoldus Ingenhousz and Maria (Beckers) IngenhouszSpouse: Agatha Maria JacquinKnown For: Discovery of photosynthesis and inoculating Hapsburg family against smallpoxEducation: MD from the University of LeuvenKey Accomplishments: Discovered the photosynthetic process and was a leading proponent of variolation in the mid to late 1700s.  Elected to the Royal Society of London as a fellow in 1769. Early Years and Education Jan Ingenhousz was born in Breda, Netherlands, to Arnoldus Ingenhousz and Maria (Beckers) Ingenhousz. He had one older brother, Ludovicus Ingenhousz, who became an apothecary. Little information about Ingenhouszs parents survived, but it is generally believed that they were able to provide their sons with what would have been considered an outstanding early education at that time. At around the age of 16, Ingenhousz completed the Latin school in his hometown and began studying medicine at the University of Leuven. He received his medical degree in 1753. He also did advanced studies at Leiden University. During his time at Leiden, he interacted with Pieter van Musschenbroek, who invented the first electrical capacitor in 1745/1746. Ingenhousz would develop a lifelong interest in electricity as well. Career and Research After his university studies, Ingenhousz began a general medical practice in his hometown of Breda. While the practice was successful, Ingenhousz was curious about a number of scientific subjects and kept up with experiments in the sciences in his off hours. He was greatly interested in physics and chemistry, particularly in the study of electricity. He studied the electricity generated by friction and developed an electrical machine, but continued to practice medicine in Breda until the death of his father. After his fathers death, he was interested in studying inoculation techniques, particularly those concerning smallpox, so he traveled to London and became known as a competent inoculator. Ingenhousz helped to inoculate some 700 villagers in Hertfordshire to stop a smallpox epidemic, and he also helped to inoculate King George IIIs family. Around this time, the Austrian Empress Maria Theresa became interested in inoculating her family against smallpox after one of her family members died from the disease. Due to his reputation and prior work in the field, Ingenhousz was selected to perform the inoculations. The inoculation of the Austrian Royal family was successful and he then became the Empress court physician. Due to his success in inoculating the royal family,  he was greatly revered in Austria. At the request of the Empress Maria Theresa, he then went to Florence, Italy, and inoculated the man who would become Kaiser Leopold II. Ingenhousz was very successful with his inoculation work and was one of the leading proponents of variolation, which derives its name from the scientific name for smallpox, variola. Variolation was an early method for immunizing against the disease. Over time, vaccination against smallpox became the norm, but at the time, Edward Jenner and others used an animal infection, cowpox, to vaccinate humans to protect them from smallpox. Those who were infected with cowpox were then also immune if they were later exposed to smallpox. Ingenhouszs work helped with the reduction in deaths from smallpox, and his methods served as a transition to the vaccines used today. While variolation used a live virus, typical vaccination methods used today use attenuated (weakened) or inactivated viruses, which makes them much safer. While he was very successful in this field, the stress was immense and his health began to suffer. He stayed in Florence for some time for health reasons. During this time he visited with Abbe Fontana, a physicist. This visit helped to peak his interest in the mechanisms of gas exchange in plants. In 1775, Ingenhousz married Agatha Maria Jacquin in Vienna. Photosynthesis Discovery In the late 1770s, Ingenhousz moved to Calne, a small town located in Wiltshire, in the southwestern portion of England, where he turned his attention to plant research. His colleague Joseph Priestley had discovered oxygen there a few years prior and Ingenhousz conducted his research at the same place. During his experiments, he put various plants underwater in transparent containers so that he could observe what was happening. He noticed that when the plants were in the light, bubbles appeared under the leaves of the plants. When the same plants were placed in the darkness, he noticed that the bubbles stopped forming after some time. He also noted that it was the leaves as well as other green portions of the plants that were producing the bubbles. He then collected the bubbles of gas produced by the plants and conducted a number of tests to attempt to determine its identity. After a great many tests, he found that a smoldering candle would reignite from the gas. Thus, Ingenhousz deduced that the gas was oxygen. During his experiments he also deduced that these same plants released carbon dioxide when they were in the dark. Lastly, he noted that the overall amount of oxygen that the plants give off in the light was more than the carbon dioxide released in the dark. Ingenhousz published Experiments upon Vegetables, Discovering Their Great Power of Purifying the Common Air in the Sunshine, and of Injuring it in the Shade and at Night in 1799 before his death. His work was translated into several languages and led to the foundation of our modern understanding of photosynthesis. Death and Legacy Ingenhouszs work on the photosynthetic process allowed others to detail the intricacies of the process by building on his work. While Ingenhousz is most known for his work with photosynthesis, the diversity of his work allowed him to make valuable contributions in a number of scientific areas. He is credited with discovering that plants, like animals, undergo cellular respiration. In addition, Ingenhousz studied electricity, chemistry, and heat conduction. Ingenhousz also noted the movement of coal dust in alcohol. This movement would come to be known as Brownian motion, for the scientist who is generally credited with the discovery, Robert Brown. While Brown is credited, some believe that Ingenhouszs discovery predated Robert Browns by approximately 40 years, thus changing the scientific discovery timeline. Jan Ingenhousz died on September 7,1799 in Wiltshire, England. He had been in ill health for quite some time prior to his death. Sources â€Å"Jan Ingenhousz.† Biography, www.macroevolution.net/jan-ingenhousz.html.  Harvey, R B and H M Harvey. â€Å"JAN INGEN-HOUSZ† Plant physiology vol. 5,2 (1930): 282.2-287, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC440219/

Thursday, May 14, 2020

The View Of The Bible Is Not By The God Cares For Me

Introduction This paper is targeted at Christians struggling in difficult seasons, wondering if â€Å"God cares for me’. So, this writer will be using the difference or similarities from historical to contemporary situation, reflecting OT message. With the aim to enable application of this principle into present-day lives. The key concept is, God’s faithful love and promise. Body Hence, let us examine the Bible, their writings and contents. To shed light to struggling Christians. â€Å"Them† meaning ancient Israelites . OT is a collection of 39 Books, with testimonials revealing God; His activities ; experiences and encounters with God . So Bible is not â€Å"just a book†. It was written with purpose to reveal and testify to One and only God. Who is alive, active and everlasting . Also reveals that He is faithful to His word, purpose and character . What He says stands and will come to pass . Allow me to elaborate this further. OT begins by revealing God. The Creator of heavens, earth and every living beings , desiring to bless and have relationship. God’s nature is demonstrated, as He interacts with creation (loving, graceful, faithful, and patient ). Although sin entered the world, bringing death and severing the relationship . His unfailing love remains and will not be removed . History shows that God continues with His plan. God chooses Abraham, to bless all nations through him and his Seed . As they multiplied, covenantal promises were given through Moses. To instruct,Show MoreRelatedThe Bible And The Teachings Of Jesus1491 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is suggested in the Bible and the teachings of Jesus? Whilst the bible does not specifically mention euthanasia, it does address closely related topics. Euthanasia is essentially killing out of mercy, hence the name ‘mercy killing’. The bible tells us that we are not to murder (Exodus 20:13) and any form of taking a life is seen as killing. It says that we die when God chooses us to, and to murder is an attempt to deny God his right of appointing death. Therefore, ‘mercy killing’ is going againstRead MoreBishop Spong And The Bible919 Words   |  4 PagesBishop Spong is certainly not like most church leaders, he views religion and religious beliefs as they should apply to the current generation and incorporates the Bible into society not as fundamental law but by addressing the overall message of God I choose to discuss Bishops Spongs ideas with someone not in this class and I choose to confer on this subject matter with my live in boyfriend Justin. I felt that discussion on these topics with him would be bene ficial not only in the completion ofRead MoreWorldview As A Person s Perception Of Life And Perspective Of The World1615 Words   |  7 Pages2013). A world view does not always remain the same, as a person changes then their worldview may also change. For example, a person may have a certain worldview based on them being a Buddhist, but if that person becomes a Christian, then their worldview would change and be influenced by the Bible and God’s truth. Words (146) Part II The first two chapters of Genesis clearly state that God created all things, life included [Genesis 1:1, 11-13, 20-22, 24-31] (Holy Bible, 2011). God is the beginningRead MoreThe Christian World View1014 Words   |  5 Pagesquestions can be asked concerning the Christian world view. Some of those questions include who is God? What is the nature of the universe? How does one distinguish right from wrong? How does one know what they know? These questions among others can be answered by reading what is written in the bible. The words of the Bible are written by man but inspired by God, who provides the answers to sought questions. According to Revelation 1:8 – God has declared â€Å"I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning andRead MoreDoes God Care About Me?1323 Words   |  6 Pages Does God care about me? We live in a world where to be free sometimes means doing something extreme like take drugs and forget about our responsibilities and still have people say: â€Å"Getting high is alright as long as you do it moderately†. This is the world we live in, where everything is allowed. There are no more moral boundaries, no limitations and everybody’s excuse is that religion has pushed men to do more arms and stay away from â€Å"the truth†, so better be â€Å"free†Read MoreA Definitive Point Of A Biblical Worldview1217 Words   |  5 Pagesbiblical world view is simply the way you choose to view issues. It can also be the stance you take in different beliefs or situation, while taking references and abiding to the bible or Christianity. My starting point in this essay is to simply add basis to the fact that God is the definitive point .Everything from creation starts and ends with God. He was fully involved in every aspect. His significance and power are clearly depicted in the creation. The theory of the creation and Gods relationshipRead MoreThe Bible And Ecology Essay1551 Words   |  7 Pagesattention a crisis we continue to face today. Christians tend to view our relationship with nature as a take as needed relationship where God’s creations are present for our survival. It can be hard to blame them when their evidence comes from the Bible but the problem isn’t the Bible, the way it’s being read is. Bauckham’s, author of â€Å"The Bible and Ecology†, approach to the interpretation and reading of the Bible can change the way Christians view their relationship with nature and the false dominion theyRead MoreThe Biblical World Of The Bible Essay1204 Words   |  5 Pagesas his or her world view, furthermore, worldview influences many different aspects of life, such as discipleship, relationships, critical thinking, and decision-making. Beginning in childhood the world view is being altered con tinuously. â€Å"A person s worldview consists of the values, ideas or the fundamental belief system that determines his attitudes, beliefs and ultimately, actions (Munsil, Tracy).† Christ and the Bible are two things at the core of the Christian world view. â€Å"Worldviews are thoseRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Humanity1455 Words   |  6 Pageshow they view ethical dilemma, core beliefs, resolution, evaluation, and comparison in deciding what is right and wrong during any process that has to do with life. Ethical Dilemma Susan finally gets pregnant after years of trying. However, a blood test confirms that her baby has down syndrome, and immediately her doctor suggests that she aborts the fetus. Susan has a good career and wants to balance out everything between her career and family and she does not want to risk her career to care for aRead MoreEthical Action Reflection Essay : Ethics945 Words   |  4 PagesOne reason ethics vary so drastically is because of different world views. World Views are quite simply how people view the world around them and attach meaning to life in general. By knowing a person’s world view we can assume a certain ethical theory and will therefore be able to make educated guesses on how they will act. The three generalized world views are Nihilism / Naturalism, Humanism, and Theism. The Nihilistic world view is based upon an idea of â€Å"nothingness†. The world just came about from

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Organizational Background. The Company That I Am Evaluating

Organizational Background The company that I am evaluating is Facebook; it is a for-profit corporation and online social media and social networking service based in Menlo Park, California. The Facebook website was launched in 2004, by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow Harvard College students. The network was promptly extended to other Boston universities, the Ivy League and eventually all US universities. In June 2004, Facebook received first private investment from Peter Theil, the founder of PayPal. It became Facebook.com in August 2005 after the address was purchased for $200,000 and began to spread worldwide, reaching UK universities the following month (ICD 2016). By September 2006, the network was extended beyond educational†¦show more content†¦People use Facebook to stay connected with friends and family, to discover what’s going on in the world, and to share and express what matters to them ( Facebook.Inc, n.d.).† Operations management at Facebook is developed and maintained according to the company’s strategies and objectives for efficiency and continuous improvement in all business areas. Planning To ensure the company’s competitiveness in the long term, Facebook’s approach is to continuously innovate products, and achieve a product design that supports its business goals. Facebook collects feedback from its users to address issues, through this strategy company continue to meet customer’s requirements. Due to fast growth in demand, operations managers are concerned about the processes and resources needed for adequate production of social media services for users and advertisers. To resolve this issue, operation managers use online technologies alongside an innovative approach to human resource management. For example, iteration of product improvement and innovation is supported through online technologies that facilitate efficient dissemination of data among work teams in Facebook’s facilities ( Young,2017). In order to maintain an adequate and capable workforce for the online social media business, the company uses a continuous recruitment strategy. Facebook also have developed aShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Culture778 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational culture influences many aspects of work life. Workplace cultures that are grounded in strong and formally articulated values and modes of behavior define an organization. Well-communicated values influence employee behavior and drive how employees relate with all stakeholders within the organizationÂâ€"from co-workers, management and members of the board to clients, shareholders and the community at large. 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Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Corporate Environmental Performance Consumer Reactions

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Environmental Performance Consumer Reactions. Answer: Introduction This report presents the depth information regarding the corporate advertising campaign. It also discusses the background of M1 organization. Along with this, it also demonstrates the campaign of M1 and discusses the objectives of campaign. It also shows the challenges faced by stakeholders at the time of launching the campaign. It illustrates key aspects that will be needed at the time of news release announcing for launching the campaign in trade media (Broadbent, 2013). Examine the corporate identity of this company and determine what could be the possible reasons and goals for this corporate advertising campaign. M1 is located in the Singapore, which is famous for delivering the dynamic combination of telecommunication services in an appropriate manner. It offers mobile and different services to their customers. M1 is the first provider of different services such as nationwide 4G service, high-speed fixed broadband, and NGNBN (Next Generation Nationwide Broadband Network). In addition, M1 also focuses on some additional services such as quality of the network, consumer services, added value, and innovation to make a favourable relationship with customers and provides services on the time (Grunig, 2013). Furthermore, the IDA (Info-communications Development Authority of Singapore) provides the license to M1 for operating the FBO (Facilities-Based Operator) and SBO (Service-Based Operator) effectively. IDA has also offered the provision of Telecommunication dealership to successfully operate the communication in Singapore. The MDA (Media Development Authority) provides the provision to M1 regarding the Internet Access Service and IPTV. It also provides globally 4G and 3G HSPA (high-speed packet access) network to their customers. At the same time, it also offers value-added services through HSPA and also able to offer the download speed by 300Mbps and upload speed by 150 Mbps (Thompson, 2013). Moreover, the company is also delivered the international call services to their customers where it provides IDD (international direct dial) through some certain prefix such as 002, 021 and 033. Further, International calling card services are offered to the customers in which prefix code is1818. The company is provided the certain plans such as Fibre Broadband service with appropriate speeds involving fixed voice and additional value-added services to their local customers. Another service of MI is 300Mbps to 10Gbps speed range to their residential home users but 10Gbps of speed to their corporate customers. M1 is registered on the Singapore Exchange and their main stakeholders are Axiata Investments Limited, SPH Multimedia Private Limited, and Keppel Telecoms Pte Ltd. The main goal of this corporate advertising campaign is to make a positive relationship with consumers and also retain the existing and new customers in long-term (Argyle, 2013). Among the many stakeholders this company had to address, distinguish which ones the campaign was directed at and what concerns they had which might make them the target for the campaign. The major stakeholders of M1 campaign titled For Every One is Managing Director, Chief Strategy Officer, Chief Creative Officer, Creative Director, Art Director. Other stakeholders are Copywriter, Digital Art Director, Producer, Account Director, Senior Account Executive, and Account Executive. They play a significant role to meet the goal of the campaign in an appropriate manner. At the same time, it can be said that 'Making Moments Special is another campaign of M1, which has also some certain stakeholders such as managing director, chief Strategy officer, and creative director. Other stakeholders are an art director, copywriter, account director, and account executive. They have a very significant role to pool the customers towards the product and services of the company (Shockley, 2014).Additionally, there are certain issues that may be faced by the stakeholders are as discussed below: Variation in the Market trends Variation in the trends can become a challenge for the stakeholder because it affects the interest of customers. At the same time, it can also affect the productivity of the organization. Therefore, stakeholders should focuse on the variation of the trends. In case of variation in trends, it can negative impact on the campaign because customer will move towards those goods and services that in current trend (Aaker, et al., 2013). Changes in the technology can also directly impact on the implement of campaign in an appropriate manner. In addition, it can be said that changes in the technology force the organization to implement the new technology in their organization because it will enable to gain their revenues. At the same time, in case the stakeholders are not aware of the modern technology or new technology then it can create the problem for the organization to effectively meet the goals. Briefly describe the campaign and analyse what it was able to achieve in your opinion The company has developed two campaign for promoting their product and services. In addition, the first campaign of M1 was based on the integrated campaign. For everyone is the title of this campaign. The major aim of this campaign is to enhance the capability of the business in long-term. Another campaign is Making Moments Special, which shows that the lives of an individual can be improved by using the product and services of M1 (Nyilasy, et al., 2014). Through these campaigns, information about M1 can be spread in all over the Singapore market in 45 seconds. The advertising is used via online channels such as information about products and services can be spread through YouTube pre-rolls by 16 seconds. M1 always tries to use those strategies by which they can be able to make a positive relationship with consumers and solve their issues in an appropriate manner. It also focuses on how the customers can connect with the brand in long-term. In addition, it can be said that this campaign is also create depth understanding regarding customers lifestyle and explores the importance of product and service of M1 in their lives. It also explains that M1 is vital for making the each movement of customers (Sheehan, 2013). In addition to this, it can be said that M1 has promoted their two campaigns by using different digital media tools. For example, company has launch the 45 second of animated video that aims to provide fun, quirkiness, and joy with the potential customers. Moreover, it will be supportive to make a favourable relationship and enhance the growth of the company in long-term (Kim, et al., 2014). Suppose you were part of the corporate communications team that created this campaign. Outline the key aspects you need to consider in order to write a news release announcing the campaign launch to marketing trade media The news releases play an imperative role in the marketing and branding efforts. As a team member, certain things are considered at the time of news release announcing for launching the campaign in trade media. There certain factors are timelines, impact, uniqueness, conflict, proximity, and celebrity. It is discussed as below: Additionally, it can also be said that even the product and service is old but the information might be new to make a favourable public relationship. It will also supportive to successfully operate the marketing communication in the market (Nava, et al., 2013). The story of campaign may influence those people who are involved in making the marketing communication. These can be readers of media, listeners, and viewers. Hence, it can be said that the story content might be effective so as to easily influence main participants of marketing communication. The uniqueness is also played an imperative role in write the effective news release. Therefore, the story might be dissimilar from available same stories in the market. At the same time, it can also be said that the story information might be unique due to make a distinguish image in the customers mind. The story is mainly considered the approaches to resolve the issues of product and services (Moriarty, 2014). Proximity The proximity is also a significant part of writing regarding the new release. Additionally, it can also be said that the story might describe the impact of the atmosphere on estimated readers, listeners, viewers, and geographical factors. It can be effective to pool the customers regarding the product and services in less time and cost. The campaign is presented through a celebrity to promote the product and services in an appropriate manner. These celebrities can be a politician, business leader, and entertainer. They have a significant role to enhance the productivity and growth of the company in long-term (Aaker, et al., 2013). Conclusion From the above analysis, it can be concluded that M1 is a famous organization, which offers the telecommunication services to their customers. M1 has introduced two campaigns because of attracting the consumers in less time for long-period. Furthermore, it can be examined that the main aim of campaign is to aware the customers towards the product and services of company, which will be supportive to enhance the demand of product in long-term. Additionally, it can be illustrated that a stakeholder has faced many issues at the time of targeted the consumers. Finally, it can also be concluded that a team member of the campaign should concentrate on different factors in case of news releases of campaign in the trade market. These are timelines, uniqueness, proximity, and celebrity, as it can be effective to news releases. References Aaker, D. A., Biel, A. (2013).Brand equity advertising: advertising's role in building strong brands. USA: Psychology Press. Argyle, M. (2013).Bodily communication. UK: Routledge. Broadbent, D. E. (2013).Perception and communication. UK: Elsevier. Grunig, J. E. (Ed.). (2013).Excellence in public relations and communication management. UK: Routledge. Hollands, R. G. (2015). Critical interventions into the corporate smart city.Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society,8(1), 61-77. Kim, S., Choi, S. M. (2014). Is corporate advertising effective in a crisis? The effects of crisis type and evaluative tone of news coverage.Journal of Promotion Management,20(2), 97-114. Moriarty, S., Mitchell, N. D., Wells, W. D., Crawford, R., Brennan, L., Spence-Stone, R. (2014).Advertising: Principles and practice. USA: Pearson Australia. Nava, M., Blake, A., MacRury, I., Richards, B. (2013).Buy this book: studies in advertising and consumption. UK: Routledge. Nyilasy, G., Gangadharbatla, H., Paladino, A. (2014). Perceived greenwashing: The interactive effects of green advertising and corporate environmental performance on consumer reactions.Journal of Business Ethics,125(4), 693-707. Sheehan, K. B. (2013).Controversies in contemporary advertising. USA: Sage Publications. Shockley-Zalabak, P. (2014).Fundamentals of organizational communication. USA: Pearson. Thompson, J. B. (2013).Ideology and modern culture: Critical social theory in the era of mass communication. USA: John Wiley Sons.

Saturday, April 11, 2020

If I Were a Shoe free essay sample

By: Amanda Diaz Ms. Newton: Period 6 10/9/12 If I were a shoe everyone would know me. I would always be up and on the go doing things all over the place. No one knows how busy I would be. I would be a pair of converse. I would also have crazy designs all over me. Converses are one of the many shoes that I love to wear. Everyone who knows me knows that I love converse. If I were a shoe everyone would know me. I would go everywhere that I could possibly go no matter what was in my way. My life would be busy with chores friends and just basic problems in life but my main activity would be making others laugh with my art.People would be talking to me from left to right. Everyone would know my art and my personality. I would definitely be dealing with life in a fun way. We will write a custom essay sample on If I Were a Shoe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If I were a shoe I would be a pair of converse. Converse, are simple and stylish. Not everyone likes converse because they say that they aren’t comfortable but then again sometimes I might not make you feel comfortable. Converse, are good for being on the go and being fashionable. No matter what you wear, a pair of converse matches anything. If I were a pair of shoes they would have crazy designs all over them.Crazy designs are great for me because when you get to know me I can sometimes be a little crazy. But then again I can be the funniest person to hang around with when you just want to chill, and trust me I’m never boring. Crazy designs are what make me, me no matter what anybody says. Some of the most important people in life wear Converse. For example, Zac Efron, Katey Perry, Selena Gomez, and many others. Converse allow me to be me, in any situation. Crazy, awesome, cool, whatever what you want to call me. If I were a shoe I would be a pair of converse.

Tuesday, March 10, 2020

Aflatoxins Essays

Aflatoxins Essays Aflatoxins Essay Aflatoxins Essay Drumhead Aflatoxins are extremely toxic fungal metabolites found in human and carnal nutrients. Aflatoxin B1 is the most carcinogenic and mutagenic metabolite nowadays in animate being, feedstuff and alterations to Aflatoxin M1 in milk. Aflatoxin M1 has a considerable hygienic hazard for human wellness. Previous researches have been shown different attacks for decontamination of this metabolite. Removal of Aflatoxin M1 by chemical, physical and biological methods has been studied. In old surveies, some species of Fungis and bacteriums have been demonstrated to degrade or adhere the Aflatoxin M1 in liquid media. In this research, two species of Lactic Acid Bacteria ( LAB ) are used. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus have the of import function in yoghurt production and agitation. In this survey, adhering activities of these two strains will be assessed in milk and yogurt and binding degrees of strains will be compared with each other. Besides, the degra ding ability in milk and yogurt will be considered and compared. Then the treatment will be made that which type of merchandise has been shown more binding ability and analyzing the chief factors and chief grounds that will be done for the achieved consequences. Description of scientific aim Mycotoxins are the secondary toxic metabolite of Fungis, produced in the terminal of logarithmic growing stage. Production of mycotoxins depends on handiness of sufficient and suited of indispensable foods for growing, suited environment such as the specific humidness, temperature, PH, and the presence of toxigenic molds. They affect on the undermentioned factors: growing rate in immature animate beings and babies, interfere in mechanism of organic structure, fondness on immunological system and cause reactivity ( Pier, 1981 ) . Higher degree of these factors leads to decease by damaging the kidney and liver ( Hayes, 1980 and Dvorackova, 1990 ) . Harmonizing to the Food and Agriculture Organization ( FAO ) ,25 % of the universe s harvest contaminated by mycotoxins ( Giessen, 1998 ) . Aflatoxins are one of the chief groups of mycotoxins. They have extremely toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, teratogenic and immunosuperssive effects on assorted carnal species and homo. They are produced by three strains of fungi Aspergillus flavus, A.parasiticus and A.nominus. Aflatoxin s best temperature for growing is between 12oc- 40oc ( Koehler et al. , 1985 ) . Four types of toxins have been found in these metabolites which are divided in two groups B ( B1, B2 ) and G ( G1, G2 ) . Aflatoxin B1 has the inveterate toxic effects on mammals produced by A.flavus and A.parasiticus ( Palmgreen and Hayes 1987 ) . Aflatoxin B1 is normally found in carnal grocery and taint occur during harvest home, storage, processing, transporting and silage. Corn, peanuts, cottonseed and rice are the chief harvests contain the high degree of Aflatoxins. Aflatoxin M1 ( AFM1 ) is the hydorxylated metabolite of Aflatoxin B1 in the milk. This metabolite was foremost detected in cow milk. It had been fed the contaminated maize and peanut by Aflatoxin B1. There is a relationship between the sum of AFM1 in the milk and ingestion of contaminated grocery by AFB1 ( Sassahara et al. , 2005 ) . After consumption and digestion of AFB1 by ruminant, it is synthesized to AFM1 in the milk. Metabolizing of AFM1 occur in animate being s liver ( Frobish et al. , 1988. , Van Egmond and Paulsch, . 1986 ) . Previous studied have been estimated that about 0.3- 6.2 % of AFB1 in animate being s ration convert to AFM1 in milk ( Creppy, 2002 ) . AFB1 transition to AFM1 includes four stairss. The carcinogenic authority and toxicity of aflatoxin M1 is 10 times less than aflatoxin B1 but the acutely hepatotoxic is same as AFB1 ( Cullen et al. , 1987 and Lafont et al. , 1989 ) . The European Commission ( EC ) has accepted a bound of 50 ng/l for AFM1 for milk ( European Commission, 2001 ) while the US nutrient and Drug Administration ( US FDA, 1 996 ) has recommended the maximal degree of 500 ng/l for AFM1 in milk. In existent fact, taint of milk and milk merchandises by AFM1 depends on several environmental factors such as season, geographics, state. The degree of AFM1 in dairy merchandises is variable between hot and cold conditions. In spring and summer, animate beings are fed by grass, grazing land, weed while in winter dressed ores used less than leafy vegetables. It causes a autumn in AFM1 degree ( Galvano et al. , 1996 ; Pitet, 1998 ; Sarimehmetoglu et al. , 2003 ) . In old surveies, AFM1 is non destroyed during the heat processes like pasteurization or alterations are non obvious ( Yousef and Marth, . 1989 ) . Besides, in yogurt and cheese production the pollution degree of AFM1 does non alter and remains stable. ( BARBIERI et al, 1994 ; CREPPY, 2002 ; GALVANO et al. , 1996 ; PITET, 1998 ) . Another survey has been confirmed 9 % of addition in AFM1 when the yogurt was produced from contaminated milk ( Van Egmond et al. , 1977 ) . The best manner to avoid the presence of AFM1 in dairy merchandises is to command the carnal grocery during crop, storage and maintain them in suited status to forestall AFB1 formation. Different methods and factors are available and have been tested before to detoxicate the aflatoxins from nutrient and provender stuffs. Three methods are common to utilize to degrade the degree of aflatoxins in nutrients and provenders. Chemical, mechanical and biological methods are applied to diminish the degree of taint in different types of nutrients. The FAO needs some conditions to accept the decontamination procedure. Any detoxification process must extinguish, demobilize or destruct toxins. Decontamination method should non bring forth any toxic in the concluding merchandises. These methods must take any fungous spores that could increase and bring forth new toxins. In physical detoxification, heat interventions, gumma radiation, UV or seeable visible radiation are applied. Chemical debasement is more practical and reasonable method. Sodium bisulphate Converts AFM1 to H2O soluble merchandise ( Doyle and Marth, . 1978, Hagler et al. , 1982 ) . Treatment with ammonium hydroxide, Ca hydrated oxide, methanal and clays are the chemical methods to cut down the hazard of aflatoxicosis. Some strains of lactic acid bacteriums ( LAB ) and barms have been reported to degrade of aflatoxins level in dairy merchandise ( El- Nezami et Al. , 1998 a ) . Work Plan In this research, the biological method will be applied to adhere the ability of AFM1 in milk and yoghurt. Two types of Lactic Acid Bacteria ( LAC ) , Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus, will be used for this intent. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus is used for yoghurt production and found in other fermented merchandises. This strain is regarded as acidophilous bacteria PH ( 4.6- 5.4 ) and unable to ferment any sugar except Lactose. During fermenting to yogurt, it produces ethanal that is one of the yoghurt olfactory property elements. Streptococcus thermophilus converts lactose to lactic acid and ethanal. It is counted as a probiotic. In add-on, this strain alleviates the symptoms of lactose intolerance. In this method, samples of assorted types of milk and yoghurt will be collected from different stores. Whole milk, semi-skimmed milk, skimmed milk, low fat yogurt and high fat yogurt are traveling to be used in this research. The research processes include, civilization readying, taint with AFM1 in PBS, milk taint with AFM1, yogurt taint with AFM1, statistical analysis and consequences. At first, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.Bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus is cultivated and incubated so these bacteriums are centrifuged and washed with buffer. The following measure is suspending bacterial pellets in PBS, which is contaminated with AFM1. Then the bacterial pellets is incubated and centrifuged. Extracting the unbound AFM1 will be done by Immunoaffinity Columns ( IAC ) method and the process will be completed harmonizing to R-biopharm GmbH recommendation. This method will be repeated in milk and yogurt samples. Again, prepared bacterial pellets will be suspended in contaminated milk or yogurt with AFM1. Removing the unbound AFM1 will be done by IAC method after the incubation and extractor of milk and yoghurt samples. The statistical analysis will be based on the discrepancy comparing. Differences between discrepancies show the difference between adhering sums of AFM1 in two medium of two bacteriums. ANOVA and DUNCAN trial are suggested analyses methods in this research. The most of import thing in this undertaking is showing the adhering ability of LAB. Which type of these two strains has a more binding ability in comparing of another one? In add-on, another mark of this undertaking is to place the binding ability of milk and yogurt. Which merchandises adhering capableness is much greater than other? Alternatively, does the sum of fat have any consequence on AFM1 debasement? All the consequences will be discussed. The biological and chemical environment of each merchandise must be considered. To happen out the chief ground several factors must be intended. For illustration, medium PH, available enzymes in the merchandise, agitation, types of protein in each merchandise, sum of fat and type of bacteriums. To accomplish the best determination, utilizing the old researches related to this topic is advised. After accurate probes and sing all facets of this research, the concluding decision will be suggested. Different methods are available to pull out the unbound AFM1 from supernatant. Thin Layer Chromatography ( TLC ) , High Performance Liquid Chromatography ( HPLC ) , Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ( ELISA ) and Immunoaffinity Columns ( IAC ) . Immunoaffinity column is the most suited method for this research. This method purifies the substance from a mixture into a buffering solution, cut down the sum of substance in a mixture and purify and concentrate the enzyme solution. OBJECTIVES A ; GOALS The end of this undertaking is to diminish the degree of AFM1 in dairy merchandises with biological method to avoid the harmful consequence of this aflatoxin and suggest the new technique for this planetary job. The chief aims include: O Roll uping the samples O Fixing the LAB and AFM1 O Adding the LAB and AFM1 to supply samples O Detecting the unbound AFM1 with IAC method O Statistical analysis by ANOVA and DUNCAN trial O Geting the consequences To avoid prejudice in this undertaking some facets must be considered O Choosing the appropriate statistical trial O Sing the immaterial factors O Accuracy in sample collection O Applying sufficient volume and degree of used stuffs O Sing the truth of used equipments Timeline No Activities Date 1 Submit Grant Proposal December, 2009 2 Expected Grant Notification January, 2010 3 Provide Laboratory February, 2010 4 Obtain Materials and Equipments March, 2010 5 Project Start up April, 2010 6 Prepare Results Report June, 2010 7 Submit Project July, 2010 BENEFITS OF RESEARCH Aflatoxin M1 has been related with assorted diseases. It is diagnosed farm animal, domestic animate beings and homo in the worldwide. Certain environmental factors cause the happening of aflatoxins in animate beings. Such as geographical location, agricultural and agronomic process, bring forthing of Fungis that cause mycotoxins presence during preharvest, storage and processing. Aflatoxin M1 cause liver and kidney disfunction and malignant neoplastic disease in animate being and human. These are well depends on age, sex, species and nutrition. Clinical symptoms in carnal include ammonium hydroxide, reduced reproductivity, disfunction in nutrient use and GI jobs Evidence of aflatoxins wellness impact on homo has been reported from different country of universe particularly in 3rd universe states and the acute status of disease leads to human decease. Overall, because of all the issues that mentioned above aflatoxins have the irreparable impact on the universe economic system. Ineluctable presence of aflatoxins in nutrients and provenders and do the harmful consequence on homo and animate beings leads to detect and research the new methods for detoxification and degrading of these mycotoxins. In this undertaking, it is attempted to measure the consequence of lactic acid bacteriums on diminishing the degree of AFM1 in milk and yoghurt. If the result can be acceptable, it will be used for the remotion of AFM1 from dairy merchandises. The other account to utilize LAB for decontamination of AFM1 is the side effects of some mechanical and chemical methods. These techniques are non appropriate to use in dairy merchandises and the biological method in these instances has been advised Budget MATHERIALS 1 SOLID AFM1 ( SIGMA ) ?200 2 Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ?250 3 Streptococcus thermophilus ?250 4 Phosphate Buffer Saline ( PBS ) ?100 5 Milk A ; Yoghurt ?50 6 Incubator ?1000 7 Centrifuge ?2500 8 Pipets 1-10 milliliters ?200 9 UV Light box and beginning ?500 10 Other equipments ?300 11 TOTAL ?5350 IAC EQUIPMENTS AFLASCAN KIT COMPONENTS 1 Aflascan unsusceptibility columns ?150 2 Florisil tips ?200 3 Glass syring barrel ?100 4 Plastic syring pump unit ?150 5 Rubber connection ?100 6 Fluroscent comparator card ?300 7 Sum ?1000 PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Saturday, February 22, 2020

Consideration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Consideration - Essay Example The extant practice of the courts is to reject a transaction even if there is consideration for the promise; if it is illegal in nature. Furthermore, it has become accepted practice to refuse enforcement of a promise, for the reason that it had not been the objective of the promisor to create any legal association by that promise. As such, consideration is no longer perceived to be a concise term that indicates the presence or absence of justification for enforcing a promise2. Albeit, consensus demands unconditional acceptance of an offer, consideration is also required, if a valid contract is to come into existence. Consideration is related to various legal concepts and provisions. A mere inclusion of consideration in the contract is insufficient to make it valid. Consideration should be either in a monetary form or in a form that can be estimated monetarily. A promise that lacks consideration is not capable of being legally enforced3. In general, the provision of goods or services constitutes the consideration on account of one of the parties to the contract. The other party pays money for these goods or services. Agency law terms such financial consideration as commission. Such consideration is known as price in sale of goods; receipt of wages or salary by employees in employment contracts; freight in the carriage of goods; and premiums in insurance contracts4. As such, persons, who are under a legal obligation to perform some duty, need not be provided with consideration, in order to perform the same. This is due to the reason that they are legally bound to complete the duty. Thus, anyone who is under a legal obligation to do something cannot make a good consideration by merely completing it. Performing a duty beyond a person’s legal obligation can constitute good consideration. This principle was established in

Thursday, February 6, 2020

Purification and charcaterization of extracellular cysteine protease Article

Purification and charcaterization of extracellular cysteine protease inhibitor, ECPI2, from chlorella - Article Example First, they cultured a strain of Chlorella sp. 4533, separated the filtrate by centrifuge, and concentrated it through evaporation. After assaying the protease activity, they eluted the inhibitor and obtained two active fractions, one of which was the primary research component, ECPI-2. The active fractions of this were pooled, dialyzed and concentrated, and then the protein concentration and carbohydrate content were determined and measured. 4. Discussion of Figures and Tables. Table 1 is the purification summary for ECPI-2, providing comparison of progressively purified elements in terms of protein concentration, total and specific activity, and percentage yield from crude of each step in the purification process. This was performed to purify the inhibitor and demonstrate the increasing level of activity. The first step used a DEAE-cellulose column of 3.5x60 cm and quadrupled the specific activity. Next, after the active elements were pooled, dialyzed and concentrated, they were applied to a Sephadex S-300 column (2x130 cm) which increased specific activity by a factor of almost 5X. Finally, after another evaporator concentration, the inhibitor was applied to a 1x150 cm column of Butyl Toyopearl 650 M, again doubling the specific activity; from crude to final, activity was increased by over 40X, giving the authors evidence of purity.

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

High school Essay Example for Free

High school Essay CHAPTER ONE 1. 0 INTRODUCTION In an effort to improve universal access to education, the ministry of education made a decision to introduce the re-entry policy. The policy is meant to accord girls who drop out of school owing to early pregnancy an opportunity to be re-admitted six months to one after delivery. This initiative has since scored a number of successes as some girls have gone back to school and successfully completed their secondary education , though some, order the age initially would have done so, Fifth National Development Plan(2006-2010). Before October 13 1997, it was considered an expellable offence for girls who fell pregnant while at school. But the re-introduction of the re-entry policy on that date was a measure and recognition of the importance of addressing gender inequalities in national development and the need to narrow down the gender gap in the education, Ministry of Education (1996). Child pregnancy has been persistent factors in household and hence, the re-entry policy has enabled government and families to recoup the investment made in educating such girls and that the nation has been accorded the much needed educated human resource for national development. 1. 2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM There has been a marked increase in the Forum for women educationist of Zambia has endeavored to play in the support and sensitization of the re-entry policy in enhancing girl child education in Zambia. However, despite this increase not all have been able to go back to schools. This is a serious omission particularly when a good number of girls can utilize the given opportunity and when concerted effort has been made to enhance girl child education. In addition, all efforts and resources pumped in will go to waste. 1. 3 THE PURPOSE OF STUDY The purpose of this study is to find out the role FAWEZA is playing in promoting the reentry policy in enhancing girl child education and to find out the response of the policy by the girl child. 1. 4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ To find out the role of FAWEZA in promoting the re-entry policy. To find out whether school managers do comply with the policy. To find out the response of the re-entry policy by pupils. To find out whether the re-entry policy is a success or failure. To find out whether teachers and parents support the policy. To find out measures in improving the re-entry policy. 1. 5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ What is the role of FAWEZA in supporting the re-entry policy? Do school managers comply with the policy? What is the response of the re-entry policy by pupils? Is the re-entry policy a success or failure? Do teachers and parents support the re-entry policy? What measures can improve the re-entry policy? 1. 6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The study’s findings and recommendations may assist the Forum for Educationist of Zambia FAWEZA and the Ministry of Education in promoting and supporting the re-entry policy in enhancing girl child education in Zambia. 1. 7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY Because it was an introduction to research at degree, this research only covered a small part of Lusaka urban district. Secondly, money was a problem to access at the right time hence it delayed the process of collecting data. However, the researcher tried by all means to use the available resources, time to make sure that this is a success. @siamef Page 2 1. 8 DEFINITION OF TERMS ENHANCE; To improves or adds to strength. RE-ENTRY; An act or instance of somebody going back to enter. POLICY; A set of principles on which they are based @siamef Page 3 CHAPTER 2 2. 0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 1 Policy Formulation In contrast to the policy of exclusion that preceded it, the re-entry policy advocates that girls who drop out of school due to pregnancy should be readmitted after giving birth. The aim of this policy is to find more innovative measures to help prevent the exclusion of young mothers from education. In the event of a girl being forced out of school due to pregnancy, the Ministry of Education in Zambia has provided policy guidelines to assist schools and other stakeholders such as FAWEZA etc. †When the women’s movement in Zambia grew in strength, one of the issues they decided to fight for was injustice for girls who were thrown out of school after getting pregnant. In June 1995, the Zambia Association for University Women organized a conference on the situation of the girl-child in Zambia. The conference, which was held in preparation for the Fourth World Conference on Women, proposed to government that girls who became pregnant should be re-admitted into school once care for the child was assured† (FAWEZA, 2008, Ministry of Education, 2009). The policy is grounded in the outcomes of the Beijing Conference of 1995, a conference at which the Women’s Movement drew up its own priorities and action plan. The conference demanded that girls who dropped out of school because of pregnancy should be readmitted. In addition to this, Zambia is a signatory to most of the international instruments that promote the rights of children and women. The country recognizes education of all children as a basic human right as enshrined in Article 26 of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It further recognizes education as a right that is also guaranteed by the policy of Education for All (EFA), the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the United Nations Platform for Action, and the Millennium Development Goals. In addition to the international instruments, major national policy developments within the education sector were initiated, culminating in the development of the third Ministry of Education (Moe) policy on education in the document â€Å"Educating Our Future† (1996). In 2000, the government adopted a National Gender Policy. The policy states that it will facilitate the readmission of girls who become pregnant back into school as a way of readdressing imbalances and inadequacies in the provision of education. The 2001 FAWEZA @siamef Page 4 workshop made a number of recommendations to improve the implementation of the re-entry policy. The recommendations were sent to the Ministry of Education for approval. Though there was no official acceptance, some of the recommendations were adopted, and that has made the policy work well, (FAWEZA, 2010) 2. 2 Response of the Policy In Zambia, some girls, especially in rural and peri-urban areas, fail to continue with their education as a result of teenage pregnancies. Although the Ministry of Education has a policy of allowing teenage mothers to go back to school after delivery, few are doing so. They find it difficult to leave their babies and stay in school for eight hours and are often ridiculed by others. The men responsible for their pregnancies often abandon them without any form of support. Unlike boys, a girl-child seems to have so much on her shoulders. This is due to cultural inequalities that continue to define societys way of life. Maybe this should be the focus of most of the gender discussion going on. Some girls in rural areas who fall pregnant are normally kept at home to help with domestic chores, or care for terminally ill parents. Others are forced into early marriages and thus denied the opportunity to further their education. Government, through the programme, has been seeking to bring teenage mothers back to school. Educating a girl-child has been a high priority for the Zambian Government, (Zambia Online). In realizing the re-entry policy, FAWEZA (2009) reports that† Interviews with girls also revealed a high level of appreciation for the policy among schoolgirl mothers who had reentered after giving birth. They reported that they were grateful that the policy had given them a second chanceâ€Å" Achievements highlighted by the head teachers and teachers were with regard to the increased number of girls who were readmitted after giving birth each year and the level of awareness of the policy by the parents who sent back their daughters after giving birth. These positive stories are set however against the background of the high number of girls who fall pregnant before finishing school each year. 2. 3 Successes and Failures of the Re-entry Policy Despite the policy being put in place in Zambia, an increasing number of girls do not return to school after giving birth. Social economic and cultural factors have been commonly cited as reasons for this failure. The annual statistics from the Zambia Ministry of Education @siamef Statistical Bulletin shows increased number of pregnancies. In addition, data from the Zambia Page 5 Demographic Health Survey (CSO, 2007) reveals that each year approximately 30% of the girls who drop out from school, do so because of pregnancy. The main reason stated for dropouts is the lack of financial support. The survey reveals that generally girls from disproportionately poor backgrounds drop out of school due to pregnancy compared to those from better off households. The survey shows a link between poverty and early adolescent pregnancy, which consequently leads them to be temporarily excluded from school. Zambia has seen a tremendous increase in access to education with pupil’s enrolments growing Over 9% since 2000. Further, the illiteracy rate in Zambia has been halved over the past three Decades from 90% to 45%. In addition, in the past two decades, Zambia has vigorously embarked on formulating interventions to eliminate gender based discrimination against girls and women as a strategy towards creating more equal societies, FAWEZA ANNUAL WORK PLAN (2012). Despite this achievement, many challenges remain in education delivery in Zambia. There is a huge gap in reaching the millennium development goals (MDG) and Education for All (EFA) goals by 2015. This particularly is a challenge given the country’s significant population growth and deep poverty. In addition, gender inequality is a long way from being realized. Despite the significant rise in female enrollment at primary school, fewer, female compared to male, enroll in high schools (particularly in rural areas) as many tend to drop out before completing secondary school. According to the FAWE ANNUAL WORK PLAN (2005-2009), â€Å"Despite the challenges in the re-entry policy, the government-civil society interaction and the consultative process in Zambia represent one of the best-practice cases in sub-Saharan Africa. The policy is appreciated by a broad spectrum of people. Internationally, Zambia has been cited as a best example for implementing the policy. Representatives from a number of countries in the region, including Malawi, Botswana and South Africa have come to Zambia to learn about policy implementation. † Interviews with the ministry of education DEBs, the national coordinator from a civil society organization (FAWEZA), head teachers, teachers and pupils indicated a high level of optimism for the ultimate success of the policy. Schools confirmed that the â€Å"re-entry policy is a good policy and indeed a historical watershed to the government of Zambia†. FAWEZA has provided 4,750 scholarships at basic, high school and tertiary levels in ratio of 7:3 girls and boys respectively. With the aim of improving the performance, retention and contribute to progression and pass rates of boys and girls on the scholarship @siamef Page 6. programme, FAWEZA has created and continued supporting 390 Study Groups at upper basic school level and high school levels. FAWEZA will also facilitate the showcasing of the repackaged SMT Tele quiz DVDs in 25 schools aimed at inspiring girls to take up SMT subjects. The activity is intended to help FAWEZA track the impacts of using the media to sensitize communities, girls and women that girls are capable of performing well in SMT subjects as the boys. 2. 4 Compliance of the Policy by School Managers. According to the Strategic Plan close out Report (2005-2009:20) â€Å"The creation of gender responsive school environments is cardinal in fostering access, retention and completion of girls in their education. In consideration of this, FAWEZA conducted training for 40 High School Managers in guidelines for gender responsive school environments and gender analysis and mainstreaming, while 58 female school managers took part in training in public image projection, which included role modeling, public speaking force field analysis and gender budgeting. Further, using the MOE/UNICEF Girl-Friendly school module, provincial executive members and CWA members were oriented for them to orient school managers; Out of 63 school managers invited to the gender mainstreaming training, 54 attended; Various PECs and DECs met the newly appointed PEOs and DEBS to solicit support. † Hence if such interventions are being carried out, various doors will be open to allow the success of the policy. @siamef Page 7 CHAPTER THREE 3. 0 Research Methodology The purpose of this chapter is to show how this study was conducted. It looks at the instruments used. The methodology gives in depth principles used to analyze and collect data in the research. This is a qualitative case study research that makes extensive use of primary and secondary data. 3. 1 Research Design The research design which was used in this study was the descriptive survey. This study was aimed at collecting information from respondents on the role of FAWEZA and the re-entry policy in enhancing girl child education in Zambia. The researcher used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through interviews with the FAWEZA representative, DEBs and administering questionnaires to Head teachers, teachers, Parents and Pupils while secondary was found from the internet, policy documents, statistical bulletins, books and magazines. 3. 2 Description of the sample. The proposed study targeted a sample of fifty (50) respondents. The sample included representatives of FAWEZA, DEBs, Ten (10) parents, five(5) teachers, five(5) guidance and counseling teachers, twenty(23) pupils and five(5)school managers. The sample was drawn from five schools namely Matero Girls High school, Kamwala High school, Olympia Park High school, Kabuionga Girls High school and Libala High school within Lusaka urban District. In this study, purposive sampling was used in which both male and female were used in data collection. 3. 3 Sampling Procedure The study was purposively sampled on the basis of public secondary schools that had girls. The sampling of the schools was also purposive; this was done with the help of head teachers who reported that their schools had student-mothers enrolled or pregnant girls that dropped out of school. Of the several schools in Lusaka urban District; 5 schools were chosen. However, due to the fact that schools closed, the pupils were drawn from those that used to go for studies during holidays. While the head teachers of the five schools confirmed having had schoolgirl pregnancy cases in their respective schools. @siamef Page 8 3. 4 Description of Research instruments In the process of data collection, in depth interviews and questionnaires were administered. The use of both instruments formed a complementary approach towards collecting data using qualitative type of research 3. 5 Data Collection In this study, in depth interviews were carried out to the representative of FAWEZA and the DEBs because detailed information was needed. Questionnaires were administered to school managers, parents, teachers and pupils 3. 6 Data Analysis Data analysis commenced after the process of data collection exercise. This included systematic arrangement of data from the field. This study is more qualitative to the perspective of the objectives and hence making qualitative research more reliable. 3. 7 Questionnaires In this instrument,  data was covered over the required sample. The content of the Questionnaires included: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Respondent’s role on the re-entry Policy in enhancing girl child education. Respondent’s compliance on the re-entry policy. Respondent’s support of the re-entry policy Respondent’s view on the measures to improve the re-entry policy. Respondent’s knowledge of the re-entry policy. 3. 8 Interview Guide Semi-structured interview were used as the main research technique in this study. The interviews covered various questions such as; †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ The role of FWEZA in the re-entry policy. Measures to improve the re-entry policy. Successes and challenges of the policy. Compliance of the policy by school administrators. Page 9 @siamef CHAPTER 4 4. 0 Findings and Discussions of the study. This section presents research findings based on the data collected from the DEBs; FAWEZA; head teachers; teachers ,parents and students from Matero Girls High School; Olympia Park High School; Kamwala High School; Libala High School; Kabulonga Girls High school in Lusaka urban district of Zambia. The findings are given under full heading derived from the objectives of the study. 4. 1 The role of FAWEZA in the re-entry policy The FAWE representative was interviewed on the role that FAWEZA plays in the re-entry policy by enhancing girl child education in Zambia. The representative confirmed of the major role that FAWEZA has undertaken in the support and implementation of the re-entry policy. In realizing the re-entry policy guidelines, the organization has realized various initiatives to bridge the persistent gender gaps in education. To mitigate the problem, the organization conducts various initiatives. Some of the actions that are being undertaken include: †¢ Advocacy to ensure pregnant girls go back to school after giving birth and they mix freely with other pupils. †¢ Guidance and Counseling services are being offered to girls who fall pregnant in all the schools. †¢ Bursaries are offered to girls, orphans and vulnerable children. FAWEZA has been able to take over the financial responsibility for some of the most vulnerable girls. The support does not cover only the school requirements. A little extra money is given for the girls’ toiletries. Some of the girls who have had children fall into this category and benefit from the support, too. Girls who may have stayed away from school for financial reasons have been able to continue their education. Affirmative action for girls which lowers entry points into higher grades and tertiary have been implemented †¢ Workshops and discussion forums are being held to discuss challenges encountered by implementing the policy and how these can be addressed in order to reduce gender imbalance in the education sector. @siamef Page 10 †¢ Stiffer Rules have been instituted in schools that protect girl children from Gender Based Violence and other abuses. Schools have come up with strategies to help girls avoid pregnancies. One of them was Kabulonga Girls in Need Association. A teacher who saw the need for girls to talk about the problems they faced started the club. He adopted tactics that helped the girls gain selfconfidence. When FAWEZA visited the school, it was impressed by what had been achieved. The school was asked to transform the club into SAFE, an American concept that stands for the Student Alliance for Female Education. SAFE clubs, which are student networks for the promotion of female education, operate under the auspices of FAWEZA. SAFE aims to use peers or mentors to improve the wellbeing of the girl-child. The mentors come from institutions of higher learning such as the University of Zambia and the Evelyn Hone College. Girls who volunteer to become mentors are trained in adolescent reproductive health and counseling. They counsel victims of abuse, STI/HIV/AIDS and other related cases. The mentors help the club members to: ? Take responsibility and make informed choices ? Resist negative pressures ? Build their self -esteem ? Discuss issues affecting them openly and freely ? Avoid risky behavior The Kabulonga SAFE club has become a national model. SAFE clubs have been opened throughout the country. They now admit boys as supporters. This will help the boys and girls to work together and grow to respect each other. The clubs are helping remove the stigma against re-entry girls. Another intervention introduced by FAWEZA is the Communication Box. A locked box stands outside the school. Girls drop suggestions or complaints into the box. Only teachers trained by FAWEZA are allowed to open the boxes. If there are allegations against the school for further action. This has reduced cases of verbal and other abuse by teachers and students alike, FAWEZA REPORT (2004). @siamef Page 11 4. 2 Evaluation whether school managers comply with the policy In response as to whether school managers comply with the policy, respondents who responded to the Questionnaires and interviewed agreed that the Head teachers in their schools complied with the policy. Of the (5) school managers interviewed in the five (5) different schools,(100%) reported that they actually comply with the policy and follow the reentry policy guidelines. This can be attributed in the high increase in the enrollments rates. The Head teachers comply with the policy through the following processes. 4. 2. 1 Readmission of girls who dropped out. The head teachers reported that they have massively been recruiting the young mothers who had actually dropped out of school due to early pregnancies. They said they have been doing so in order to support and comply with the policy guidelines because they were involved in the formulation of the policy at its initial level, Hence they needed to add a hand in the support of the policy. The head teachers added that they do not hesitate to readmit the girls who had dropped out of school due to pregnancy or finance but the girls are supposed to produce the documents granting maternity leave and the medical report confirming pregnancy. 4. 2. 2 Moral support, encouragement and equal treatment. The head teachers reported that they have been offering moral support, encouragement and equal and fair treatment to the teen mothers with the rest of the students through the Guidance and counseling teachers in the schools. From the findings obtained, it was confirmed by the key informants that the head teachers comply with the policy. However, it can be stated that the policy faced much resentment by several figures of the public. According to FAWEZA Report (2009; 14) â€Å"In the first year or two, there were newspaper reports of head teachers who would allow girls back only after intervention by the Ministry of Education. † It can be said that at the early stages of the introduction of the policy, there was much needed sensitization on the benefits of the re-entry policy in enhancing girl child education in Zambia. In one case, during the collection and sampling stage of this research with the District Education Office (DEBs), when asked if he had any cases of pregnant girls or studentmothers in the schools, he stated that he had some â€Å"unofficial cases‘ as they are yet to be @siamef Page 12 reported to his office by the girls‘ parents. Upon further probing on the issue of officialising‘pregnancy cases and why he would not take the initiative to confront such cases, he pointed out that this is due to fear of parents‘reaction to news of their daughter‘s pregnancy. Depending on the prevailing religious and socio-cultural beliefs, parents are more likely to react negatively to news of their daughters‘pregnancy. This view was shared by two other teachers from the schools that took part in this research. 4. 3 Response of the Policy by the pupils Views of the girls who responded to the Questionnaires converged with those of the head teachers, teachers, and the parents. Both categories of girls interviewed stated that the policy was good and it was well responded to although it did not address most of their concerns. When asked what their concerns were, adolescent schoolgirl mothers reported that the policy should have spelt out the need for providing counseling sessions to those who returned. They reported that while at school, they felt stigmatized by their friends and teachers through derogatory remarks such as addressing them by their children’s names: â€Å"Bana Mary (Mother of Mary), aunt Lucy etc† which made them feel out of place. It was the view of the pupils that the Ministry of Education was doing very little to enforce the implementation of the policy and ensure that girls who  returned to school were protected from verbal abuse by the teachers. At least 63% of the girls reported that they faced challenges with regard to combining the two roles of being a mother and a schoolgirl particularly when their children fell sick or needed to be taken to Under 5 clinics. They reported that they absented themselves from school and missed classes whenever they had to take their children to hospital. They further reported that the policy should have put in place mechanisms for following up those who for some reason decided not to return. At the household level, three key factors prominently influence the likely-hood of young mothers returning to formal schooling. These factors are; fathers support over the decision to return to school, the structure of the house-hold, and finally the availability of financial support from either the young mother‘s children partners or the extended family. Evidently, household characteristics and behavior have a strong effect on the re-entry policy; more so parental and community willingness to support school re-entry for the young mothers, most of whom are jurally minors. At another level, how the households interact with other institutions and the external socio-cultural environment that mediates these interactions @siamef Page 13 may affect the chances of schools re-entry. These factors have to be identified and understood by policy makers and programme managers if education for all including student-mothers is to be realized. 4. 4 The re-entry policy a success or failure FAWEZA has been successful in implementing programmes to achieve its objectives. Among them are the programs designed to improve performance, progression and completion rates such as theScholarship program that has seen 2,426 girls and 1287 boys completing the 12 year cycle. Further,a total of 27 students completed tertiary education. Further, the SMT programmes have stimulated the interest of girls in participating in the activities and are performing well. In the quizzes held in SP2005-2009 there were more girls scoping prizes than boys. In program area two, FAWEZAcontinued to sensitize communities on the policies that protect girls’ education. At school level the informants were asked if the policy guidelines were clear enough to provide them guidance for implementation, more than half (60%) of the informants, a majority of whom were teachers and headteachers (4), reported that because the policy was new, they needed to be oriented to it, before being asked to implement it. 4. 5 Do teachers and Parents support the re-entry Policy? In response to the support of the policy, (8) 80% of the parents who responded to the questionnaires were in favor of the policy. Though, (2) 20% of the parents were not fully sure of the re-entry policy guidelines. Of the teachers who were against the policy, (3) 30% were men and (7) 70% were female who reported that they fully in support of the policy. Therefore, only male teachers have remained constant in opposition to the policy. Commenting on this, one girl said the male teachers and the boys who were still against the policy were afraid of facing the mothers of their children every day. A female teacher said men like to dominate. When they see an intelligent girl, they want to curtail her education. They will do all in their power to frustrate her, including making her pregnant. Parents reported that the policy has made both boys and girls reckless. There was a feeling that the re-entry girls were in a vulnerable position because male teachers and schoolboys perceive them as having low morals. They come back with the sole purpose to study and pass their examinations. Therefore, they become better students. There is fear among some groups e. g. the parents and the teachers that the policy has led to increased cases of pregnancy @siamef Page 14  among the school girls. The policy has been looked at as a lee way to immorality because the girls definitely know that they be returned to school. 4. 6 Support of the re-entry policy When informants were asked to state the kind of support they received from the ministry to implement the policy, the DEBs and the school level implementers reported that they had received funds neither to photo-copy the circular for the parents and/or the Parents Teachers Association (PTA) nor to conduct local sensitization meetings on the policy. At the same time, the DEBs stated that the ministry was committed to ensuring that the policy gets fully implemented in all schools. Funds were planned to be set aside to conduct â€Å"massive sensitization meetings† and workshops targeted at school level and members of the public. FAWEZA organization on the other hand reported that they were planning to advocate and lobby members of parliament and some permanent secretaries to ensure that the re-entry policy be included in the Education Bill which was to be tabled in parliament in July 2010. It is evident from this finding that the policy was introduced in schools before it was discussed and enacted in parliament. The finding echoes that of Hoppers (2007) in Uganda in which he described the decision by some policy actors to implement a draft version of the policy before it is submitted to parliament. Similarly, the re-entry policy in Zambia was first declared as a policy by the then minister of education before it was discussed in parliament. 4. 7 What measures can improve the re-entry policy Respondents were asked to give measures to improve the re-entry policy. Their views were critically assessed and analyzed. In order to ensure that re-entry programmes are successful; the following measures were outlined by the respondents in implementing the policy: 4. 7. 1Political Will: The Zambian government did not capitulate, even when there appeared to be more voices against the policy, than those which support it. It maintained that expelling pregnant girls would make gender equality in the education system impossible. Hence, there is need to follow the political will of the nation @siamef Page 15 4. 7. 2 Guidelines: Availability of proper guidelines on how re-entry policy will be conducted is very essential. The guideline development should involve all stakeholders including the teen-mothers. The policy should be geared upon providing an opportunity for these girls to obtain another chance into the education programme and not to perpetuate immoral behavior. 4. 7. 3 Acceptance of Change: There is a need for community to change and accept that this program is for the benefit of the girls and the community at large. In Zambia after seeing the benefits of the program many families have accepted and supported their children. 4. 7. 4 Financial Support Not only to take over the financial responsibility for some of the most vulnerable girls. A little extra money to be given to the girls’ for other needs such as sanitary pads is essential. Some of the girls who have had children fall into this category and can benefit from the support, too. Girls who may have stayed away from school for financial reasons can continue with education. There is great awareness that there is a fear among people that re-entry of young mothers to school might influence others to immoral behavior knowing that they will also be readmitted if they get pregnancies. But studies in the area have shown that there is no concrete evidence which reveal constructive societal returns from expelling pregnant schoolgirls and young mothers from education. However, parents, community and the government at large should provide life skills education for girls and boys to make them aware of effects of pregnancy and should be encouraged to be more responsible for building their future through education achievement 4. 7. 5 Strengthen rules regarding the policy. Regarding the strengthening of the rules, 45 (90%) of the informants reported that there was need to strengthen the rules. In Zambia, the policy guidelines states that once the girl has been given maternity leave, the father should also be suspended from school until the girl returns to school. If the teacher is the one responsible for the pregnancy, it states that the teacher should be disciplined.